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Cosa sono le schede PCB

21-10-2020

Cosa sono le schede PCB

Cosa sono le schede PCB? Quali sono i tipi e l'utilizzo? I PCB sono stati ampiamente utilizzati in diversi tipi di industrie. Un PCB è disponibile in diversi tipi e design. Inoltre, diversi tipi di materiali vengono utilizzati per creare una scheda PCB. In questo articolo, discuteremo tutti i possibili aspetti relativi a una scheda PCB. Sarai consapevole del materiale, del design, dei tipi, della struttura e dell'utilizzo. Continua a leggere se sei interessato a saperne di più sulla scheda PCB. Innanzitutto, sapremo: cosa sono le schede PCB?

Una scheda PCB: che cos'è esattamente?

You might have seen a traditional PCB board. It comes with a simple design. The layer can be single or fifty layers depending on the demand of the project. These boards are made with many electrical components through conductive circuits. Different types of materials are used to transfer electrical signals between and within the devices.

PCBs are not a recent addition. These boards were designed in the early twentieth century. However, the product has witnessed many improvements and advancements during this long journey. The advancement of the PCB technologies has enabled the end product to be used in both small and large electronics.

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PCB Structure

As stated earlier, a PCB can be a single or multi-layer board. The basic board is rigid and flat with conductive structures. The structure will develop a geometric pattern that will have rectangles, squares, and circles. The thin and long rectangles will work as the interconnection. There will be many different shapes in the structure to function as the connection point to transfer power and electricity to many components.

When the PCB comes with a single layer, the usage will be restricted. The circuits will not be enough to transfer the power efficiently, and that might create difficulties to achieve the required interconnections. However, if you consider multi-layer PCBs, you can expect better efficiency. More importantly, the design will be compact and easy to manage. You can consider buying a PCB with a minimum of four layers to maximize the benefits. A four layers PCB will have a top layer, two internal layers, and a bottom layer.

Materials Used in PCBs

You will find many different types of materials. However, some primary and common materials used in PCB manufacturing are copper, plastic substrates, fiberglass substrates, nomenclature ink, and solder mask. Let’s know more about these primary materials.

Plastic and Fiberglass Substrates

In PCB manufacturing, flexible and rigid materials are used as the base material depending on the design of the board. In the rigid PCB, mostly fiberglass or FR4 is used. However, in the rigid-flex layers and flexible circuits, high-temperature polyimide films are used. In the flexible circuits, plastic substrates such as liquid crystal polymer, polyethylene naphthalate, and polyimide, and polyester are used. The substrate is considered the most effective since it can create a non-conductive base. LCP laminates and polyimide materials are generally used for high-signal speed and high-reliability applications. For the single-layer circuitry and low-cost products, polyethylene napthalate and polyester are used.

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Rame

Copper is considered the best conducting material due to the high electrical conductivity. All the above-mentioned laminates can come with copper with thin sheets. The copper foil will be laminated to either one side of the plastic or both sides depending on the project demand. The number of layers and thickness of the layer will vary depending on the PCB applications.

Soldermask

It is an epoxy material used to apply to the outer layers of the PCB. Also, this material is used for the rigid sections of the rigid-flex PCB. The material is designed with a specific purpose to insulate the circuits on the outer layers. It will protect the outer layer of the board from the environment oxidation. You will find different colors in the soldermask. The common colors are red, amber, black, but blue, green, and white.

Nomenclature

Dopo aver utilizzato le soldermasks, verranno stampate alcune informazioni aggiuntive che includono segni, dati di identificazione e persino i codici a barre. Le informazioni aggiuntive sono note come inchiostro della nomenclatura. Tutte le informazioni verranno stampate sulle suddette soldermasks.

Disegni PCB

Come diversi tipi di materiali, molti design unici vengono utilizzati per le schede PCB. I produttori prendono in considerazione molte cose per decidere il design del prodotto finale. Puoi dare un'occhiata a quanto segue per sapere quali fattori giocano il ruolo determinante per decidere il design di un PCB.

  • Scopo di utilizzo e applicazione.
  • L'ambiente in cui verrà utilizzata la lavagna.
  • Configurazione e requisiti di spazio.
  • Assemblaggio e installazioni.
  • La flessibilità del materiale finale.

The design will impact many factors significantly. The design will decide the operation cost, lead times, product yield, production speed, and manufacturability.

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Types of PCB

All the PCBs are designed to serve the same purpose. However, you can expect a wide range of configurations, designs, and types to meet the specific needs of a particular application. When it comes to the types, you can choose from multi-layered rigid, single-sided rigid, rigid-flex, single-layered, double-sided, multi-layered, aluminum-backed, and high-frequency. Here are the details of the primary types of PCB.

Rigid PCBS

These types of PCBs use rigid fiberglass substrates to design inexpensive, inflexible, and practical products. These PCBs are easier to make and inexpensive as well. Also, these are not versatile and might not fit into small areas or unusual geometrics.

Flexible PCBS

Flexible PCBs come with good folding and bending capabilities to become a great option for oddly shaped and confined spaces. These are versatile and can be used in smaller devices. Also, flexible PCBs feature good adaptability.

Rigid-flex PCBS

These types combine the best qualities of the above two. Unlike the flexible and rigid PCBs, rigid-flex PCBs will have all the interconnectivity within the board that makes the end product compact and lightweight. Rigid-flex PCBs are mostly appreciated for ultra-lightweight, durability, and reliability.

PCBS Usage

I PCB sono considerati una buona opzione per molti settori grazie alle loro tecnologie avanzate. Il design leggero e piccolo rende queste schede un'ottima scelta per i dispositivi moderni. Un PCB si è fatto strada nei settori medico, aerospaziale, militare e in molti settori industriali e commerciali.

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